Khadka Soo saarista Bacriminta Biyaha ee milmi kara

Hordhaca habka halsano:
Halsano noolaha, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan dheefshiidka anaerobic iyo halsano anaerobic, waxaa loola jeedaa walxaha organic (sida aadanaha, xoolaha iyo digada digaaga, caws, haramaha, iwm) hoos qoyaan gaar ah, heerkulka iyo xaaladaha anaerobic, iyada oo catabolism ee microorganisms kala duwan, iyo Ugu dambayntii Habka samaynta isku-dhafka gubanaya ee gaasaska sida methane iyo carbon dioxide.Nidaamka halsano ee gaaska nooluhu wuxuu ku salaysan yahay mabda'a halsano gaaska noolaha, iyadoo ujeedadu tahay wax-soo-saarka tamarta, ugu dambeyntiina wuxuu xaqiiqsadaa ka faa'iidaysiga dhamaystiran ee gaaska noolaha, slurry biogas iyo hadhaaga gaaska.

Halsano Biyogas waa hannaan biochemical oo adag oo leh sifooyinka soo socda:
(1) Waxaa jira noocyo badan oo noole-yari ah oo ku lug leh falcelinta halsano, mana jirto wax ka hor ah in la isticmaalo hal nooc si loo soo saaro gaaska noolaha, iyo inoculum ayaa loo baahan yahay halsano xilliga wax soo saarka iyo baaritaanka.
(2) Walxaha ceeriin ee loo isticmaalo halsano waa kakan oo ka yimi ilo kala duwan.Walxaha dabiiciga ah ee kala duwan ama isku dhafka ah ayaa loo isticmaali karaa sida walxo ceeriin ah oo halsano ah, badeecada ugu dambeysana waa gaas noole.Intaa waxaa dheer, halsano baayacmushtarku waxay ku daweyn kartaa biyaha wasakhda ah ee dabiiciga ah iyada oo la adeegsanayo uruurin ballaaran oo COD ah oo ka badan 50,000 mg/L iyo qashinka dabiiciga ah oo leh maaddo adag.
Isticmaalka tamarta noolaha gaaska nooluhu wuu yar yahay.Isla shuruudo isku mid ah, tamarta looga baahan yahay dheef-shiid kiimikaadka anaerobic kaliya waxay xisaabisaa 1/30 ~ 1/20 ee burburka hawada.
Waxaa jira noocyo badan oo ah aaladaha halsano gaaska noolaha, kuwaas oo ku kala duwan qaab dhismeedka iyo agabka, laakiin dhammaan noocyada aaladaha ayaa soo saari kara gaaska noolaha ilaa iyo inta naqshadu ay tahay mid macquul ah.
Halsano noole gaaska waxaa loola jeedaa habka ay kala duwan oo qashinka organic adag ay khamiiriyaan noolaha noole gaaska si ay u soo saaraan gaaska noole.Guud ahaan waxa loo qaybin karaa saddex marxaladood:
Marxaladda dareeraha
Maadaama maadada organic adag ee kala duwan sida caadiga ah aanay geli karin noolaha oo ay ka faa'iidaysan karaan noolaha, arrinta organic adag waa in la hydrolyzed galay monosaccharides Soluble, amino acids, glycerol, iyo acids dufan leh oo miisaankoodu yar yahay.Walxahaan milmaya leh ee miisaankoodu yar yahay waxay geli karaan unugyada microbial-ka oo waa la sii dabargo'a oo laga faa'iidaysan karaa.
Marxaladda acidogenic
Walxaha kala duwan ee milmay (monosaccharides, amino acids, fatty acids) waxay sii wadaan inay burburaan oo ay isu beddelaan walxaha molecular hooseeya ee hoos yimaada ficilka bakteeriyada cellulosic, bakteeriyada borotiinka, lipobacteria, iyo bakteeriyada pectin intracellular enzymes, sida butyric acid, propionic acid, acetic acid. iyo aalkolada, ketones, aldehydes iyo walxaha kale ee dabiiciga ah ee fudud;Isla mar ahaantaana, qaar ka mid ah walxaha aan organic ahayn sida hydrogen, carbon dioxide iyo ammonia ayaa la sii daayaa.Laakiin marxaladan, sheyga ugu muhiimsan waa acetic acid, xisaabinta in ka badan 70%, sidaas darteed waxaa loo yaqaan heerka jiilka acid.Bakteeriyada ka qaybqaata marxaladan waxaa lagu magacaabaa acidogens.
Marxaladda methanogenic
Bakteeriyada Methanogenic waxay u jajabisaa walxaha dabiiciga ah ee fudud sida acetic acid oo ka go'ay marxaladda labaad ee methane iyo carbon dioxide, iyo kaarboon laba ogsaydhku waxay hoos u dhigtaa methane iyada oo hoos timaada ficilka hydrogen.Marxaladaan waxaa loo yaqaan heerka wax soo saarka gaaska, ama heerka methanogenic.
Bakteeriyada Methanogenic waxay u baahan tahay inay ku noolaato deegaan leh awood yaraanta oksaydhka ee ka hooseeya -330mV, halsano gaaska nooluhuna wuxuu u baahan yahay jawi anaerobic adag.
Waxaa guud ahaan la rumeysan yahay in laga bilaabo burburka ee walxaha kala duwan ee organic adag ilaa jiilka ugu dambeeya ee bayooloji, waxaa jira shan kooxood oo nafsi ah oo waaweyn oo bakteeriyada ku lug leh, kuwaas oo ah bakteeriyada halsano, bakteeriyada acetogenic soo saarta hydrogen, bakteeriyada acetogenic hydrogen-cunaya, hydrogen-cunida. methanogens iyo bakteeriyada soo saarta acetic acid.MethanogensShan kooxood oo bakteeriya ah ayaa ka kooban silsilad cunto.Marka loo eego kala duwanaanshaha dheef-shiid kiimikaadkooda, saddexda kooxood ee ugu horreeya ee bakteeriyada waxay dhammaystiraan habka hydrolysis iyo acidification wadajir ah, labada kooxood ee dambe ee bakteeriyada waxay dhamaystiraan habka wax soo saarka methane.
bakteeriyada halsano
Waxaa jira noocyo badan oo walxo organic ah oo loo isticmaali karo halsano noolaha, sida digada xoolaha, cawska dalagga, qashinka warshadaynta cuntada iyo khamriga, iwm, iyo qaybaha ugu muhiimsan ee kiimikooyinka waxaa ka mid ah polysaccharides (sida cellulose, hemicellulose, istaarijka, pectin). iwm), heerka lipids iyo borotiinka.Inta badan walxahan dabiiciga ah ee isku dhafan waa kuwo aan lagu milmi karin biyaha oo waa in marka hore la kala googooyaa sonkorta milmay, amino acids iyo acids dufanka leh enzymes ka baxsan unugga oo ay siisay bakteeriyada halsano ka hor inta aan la nuugin oo laga faa'iidaysan karin noolaha.Ka dib marka bakteeriyada halsano leh ay u nuugto unugyadaas aan kor ku soo xusnay ee milmay, waxa ay isu rogaan acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid iyo alkohols iyada oo loo marayo halsano, waxaana isla mar la soo saaraa xaddi gaar ah oo hydrogen iyo carbon dioxide ah.Wadarta cadadka acetic acid, propionic acid iyo butyric acid ee maraq halsano ah inta lagu jiro halsano noole waxaa loo yaqaan wadarta aashitada kacsan (TVA).Marka la eego xaaladda halsano ee caadiga ah, acetic acid waa aashitada ugu weyn ee wadarta guud ee aashitada.Marka walxaha borotiinku ay jajabaan, marka lagu daro alaabta, waxaa sidoo kale jiri doona ammonia hydrogen sulfide.Waxaa jira noocyo badan oo bakteeriyada halsano ah oo ku lug leh habka halsano ee hydrolytic, waxaana jira boqolaal nooc oo caan ah, oo ay ku jiraan Clostridium, Bacteroides, bakteeriyada Butyric acid, bakteeriyada Lactic acid, Bifidobacteria iyo bakteeriyada Spiral.Bakteeriyadan badankood waa anaerobes, laakiin sidoo kale waa anaerobes-facultative.[1]
Methanogens
Inta lagu jiro halsano gaaska noolaha, samaynta methane waxaa sababa koox bakteeriyo ah oo aad u khaas ah oo loo yaqaan methanogens.Methanogens waxaa ka mid ah hydromethanotrophs iyo acetomethanotrophs, kuwaas oo ah xubnaha kooxda ugu dambeeya ee silsiladda cuntada inta lagu jiro dheefshiidka anaerobic.Inkasta oo ay leeyihiin noocyo kala duwan, heerka ay ku leeyihiin silsiladda cuntada ayaa ka dhigaysa inay yeeshaan astaamo jireed oo caadi ah.Marka la eego xaaladaha anaerobic, waxay u beddelaan alaabada ugu dambeysa ee saddexda kooxood ee ugu horreeya ee dheef-shiid kiimikaadka bakteeriyada ee alaabta gaaska ee methane iyo carbon dioxide ee maqnaanshaha aqbalayaasha hydrogen ee dibadda, si ay u kala jajabaan walxaha organic ee xaaladaha anaerobic si guul leh loo dhammeeyo.

Habka xulashada habka xalinta nafaqada:
Soo saarista xalka nafaqo ee dhirta waxay ku talo jirtaa inay isticmaasho qaybaha faa'iidada leh ee ku jira slurry biogas waxayna ku daraan walxo macdan ah oo ku filan si ay badeecada dhammaatay u yeelato sifooyin wanaagsan.
Sida maadada dabiiciga ah ee dabiiciga ah ee macromolecular, humic acid waxay leedahay firfircooni jireed oo wanaagsan iyo hawlaha nuugista, kakanaanta iyo beddelka.
Isticmaalka humic acid iyo slurry biogas ee daawaynta chelation waxay kordhin kartaa xasiloonida slurry biogas, ku darida curiyaha raadadka chelation waxay ka dhigi kartaa midhaha inay si fiican u nuugaan walxaha raadraaca.

Hordhaca habka chelation-ka humic acid:
Chelation-ka waxaa loola jeedaa fal-celin kiimikaad kaas oo ion birtu ay ku xidhan yihiin laba ama in ka badan atomyada isuduwidda (aan biraha ahayn) ee isla molecule iyada oo la adeegsanayo bonds iskudubarid si ay u sameeyaan qaab-dhismeedka heterocyclic (giraan chelate) oo ka kooban ion bir ah.nooc saamayn.Waxay la mid tahay saamaynta chelation ee cidiyaha carsaanyada, markaa magaca.Samaynta giraanta chelate waxay ka dhigtaa chelate ka xasilloon marka loo eego isku-dhafka aan-chelate-ka ee isku midka ah iyo qaab-dhismeedka.Saamayntan xasilloonida sii kordheysa ee ay keento chelation waxaa loo yaqaan saamaynta chelation.
Fal-celinta kiimikaad oo koox hawleed ka kooban hal molecule ama laba molecules iyo ion bir ah ay sameeyaan qaab dhismeedka giraanta iyada oo loo marayo iskudubarid ayaa loo yaqaan chelation, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan chelation ama baaskiil.Waxaa ka mid ah birta inorganic ee jirka bini'aadamku uu nuugo, kaliya 2-10% ayaa la nuugo.Marka macdanta loo beddelo foomamka la dheefshiido, asiidhyada amino-ka ayaa inta badan lagu daraa si ay uga dhigaan isku-dhafka "chelate".Ugu horreyntii, Chelation macnaheedu waa in walxaha macdanta laga dhigo qaabab la dheefshiido.Alaabooyinka macdanta caadiga ah, sida cunnada lafaha, dolomite, iwm., ku dhawaad ​​waligood lama "cheleelin".Sidaa darteed, habka dheefshiidka, waa in marka hore la maro daaweynta "chelation".Si kastaba ha ahaatee, habka dabiiciga ah ee samaynta macdanta ee loo yaqaan "chelate" xeryahooda (chelate) xeryahooda ee jidhka dadka intooda badan uma shaqeeyaan si habsami leh.Natiijo ahaan, dheellitirka macdanta ayaa ku dhawaad ​​faa'iido lahayn.Halkaa waxaynu ka garanaynaa in walxaha jidhka bini'aadmigu liqay aanay si buuxda u samayn karin saamayntooda.Inta badan jidhka bini'aadamka si wax ku ool ah uma dheefshiido oo u nuugo cuntada.Waxaa ka mid ah birta aan organic-ga ahayn ee ku lug leh, kaliya 2% -10% ayaa dhab ahaantii dheefshiidka, iyo 50% ayaa laga soo saari doonaa, sidaas darteed jidhka bini'aadamka ayaa mar hore "cheated" birta.“Dhinacidda iyo nuugista macdanta la daweeyay waxay 3-10 jeer ka badan tahay macdanta aan la daweyn.Xitaa haddii aad lacag yar ku bixiso, waa u qalantaa.
Bacriminta cunsurka dhexdhexaadka ah ee sida caadiga ah loo isticmaalo sida caadiga ah lama nuugi karo oo laga faa'iidaysan karo dalagyada sababtoo ah curiyeyaasha raadraaca aan organic si fudud ayay u hagaajiyaan ciidda ku jirta ciidda.Guud ahaan, waxtarka ka faa'iidaysiga walxaha raadraaca ee la jeexjeexay ee ciidda ku jira ayaa ka sarreeya kuwa walxaha raadraaca ee aan organic ahayn.Qiimaha walxaha raadraaca ee la jeexjeexay ayaa sidoo kale ka sarreeya kan bacriminta curiyaha raad-raac ee aan noolaha ahayn.